Freifunk Potsdam | Wiki

Kathleen-en

Version vom 9. Januar 2017, 15:49 Uhr von Hannes (Diskussion | Beiträge) (Typo: Ubiquity -> Ubiquiti)

Overview

This page describes the setup of a Freifunk router using the Firmware Kathleen.

Supported Hardware

Starting with Kathleen 0.1.2, the following routers are supported:
TP-Link: WDR3500, WDR3600, WDR4300, WDR4900, CPE210,220,510,520, WR740N+ND, WR741N+ND, WR743N+ND, WR841N+ND, WR842ND, WR1043ND
Ubiquiti: Nanostation M2 and M5 (also Loco plus Nanobridge Image), Nanobridge M2 and M5

Preparation

Getting IP Adresses

Mesh-IP
Select an IP address for your router on the page IP-Bereich, or ask for an IP adress via the Freifunk Mailing List.


DHCP Range
Devices that are going to connect to the router will get their IP adresses assigned via DHCP. Select the size of the DHCP range, depending on the expected traffic on your router. See IP-Bereich.

Rule of thumb:

  • Router at home: network size 32 (=number of possible clients)
  • Router in a public place such as restaurant, club: network size 64 - 128
  • Router offering roaming: network size 256


Getting the VPN Key

To share your internet uplink in a secure way, you need a VPN key. The VPN key is assigned by Freifunk Berlin. Please fill out the application form at http://ca.berlin.freifunk.net. You need to provide an (arbitrary) name for your VPN connection, plus your email address.


Downloading and Installing the Firmware

Please note:You need to be connected via ethernet cable to the router, when you start installing the firmware on the router.


Erstinstallation (Initial Installation)

  • If your router still has the original firmware of the manufacturer installed (e.g. if your router is new), you need to select Erstinstallation (initial installation).
  • Please consult the manual of your router on how to update the firmware - and use these instructions to upload the Freifunk firmware to the router.

Aktualisierung (Update)

  • Select Aktualisierung (Update) if your router already has a Freifunk firmware or an OpenWRT version (not DDwrt) installed.


Setup

Access the router at http://192.168.42.1, after you have uploaded the firmware.

Setting the Password

Enter a password (and make sure to remember it).


 

Please note:This is the administration password for the router - it is not a WLAN password.


Master Data

Node Name (Knotenname): The first two numbers are the last two octets of your Mesh-IP. The last part (xxx) should help to identify the router, e.g. by a name or a location.

Example: Mesh IP 10.22.254.91 --> Node Name 254-91-xxx

Location (Standort): Name of the street, where your router is located.

If during the installation the router is connected with your home network (via WAN port), you can click on the map on the location. The geo coordinates will be retrieved. If you experience problems when retrieving the geo data, you can also use this page. (This step can also be executed at a later stage.)


 


Uplink


 

Select, if you want to share your internet uplink (=active node), or if your router should only mesh with other routers (=passive node, i.e. only forwarding traffic).

VPN-Key

You should have received a '.tgz file via Email, containing your VPN key.

Under Windows, you can unzip the file using [7zip].

Upload the unzipped file.


 


Bandwidth

If you have an active node, i.e. share your uplink, choose the bandwidth you want to share. Please keep in mind to maintain a sensible ratio between up- and download - otherwise problems may occur. Ask for help, if neccessary.


Monitoring

Monitoring requires a lot of resources. Therefore it should only be enabled on routers from the WDR3000 and WDR4000 series.

Please note:Monitoring must never be enabled on the WR700 or WR800 series. Also, it is not recommended for Ubiquiti devices.


 

IPs

Radio0(2,4 GHz): Enter your Mesh IP.

Radio1(5 GHz): Enter your Mesh IP (will be changed later).

SSID: Freifunk-Potsdam-X-XX with X and XX the last two octets of your Mesh IP.

DHCP Range (Adressraum): DHCP network connecting devices via your router. Example: 10.22.67.224/27 (for network size 32)


 

Restart

The router should restart after you have provided all data.

After the restart it should be accessible via your IP.


Interfaces

  • After the restart, log in as Administrator.
  • Navigate to the menu item Network --> Interfaces.

DHCP-WLAN


 

  • Please check, that the IPv4 net mask corresponds to your selected network size (Example: 255.255.255.224 for network size 32).
    • The first IP of your IP range is the network address. The wizard already assigned the second IP (i.e. the first after the network address) to your interface.
  • It is recommended to use DNS server listed on the [CCC-Page]
    • 85.214.20.141 (FoeBud)
    • 194.150.168.168 (dns.as250.net; Berlin/Frankfurt)
    • 213.73.91.35 (dnscache.berlin.ccc.de)
  • IPv6 assignment: - disable


 


  • Activate the DHCP server.
    • Start IP: DHCP-IP+1
    • Limit: Network size - 3 (network size 32: limit 29, network size 64: 61, ...)
    • Leasetime: 15 Minutes
  • Disable all IPv6 settings.


   

Mesh-WLAN


 

  • IPv4 net mask: 255.255.0.0
  • It is recommended to use DNS server listed on the [CCC-Page]
    • 85.214.20.141 (FoeBud)
    • 194.150.168.168 (dns.as250.net; Berlin/Frankfurt)
    • 213.73.91.35 (dnscache.berlin.ccc.de)
  • IPv6 assignment: - disable


 

Wireless 2,4 GHz

  • Navigate to the menu item Network --> Wifi
  • Edit the wifi interface SSID:'?|Mode:Ad-Hoc


 

  • Settings:
    • Channel: 5
    • ESSID: Mesh23
    • BSSID: 02:ca:ff:ee:ba:be



 


Your setup should be similar to the image below.


 

Wireless 5 GHz

Please note:This applies only to devices with a 5 GHz module, such as WDR4300 or WDR3600.

  • Navigate to Network --> Wifi and delete the Mesh-WLAN
  • Edit the Access Point.
    • ESSID: Mesh23
    • Enable DHCP


 

  • Navigate to Services -> OLSR IPv4.
  • At the bottom of the page , delete the 5 GHz mesh interface (i.e. the interface without network).


 

OLSR

LQ algorithm

  • Navigate to Services -> OLSRv4 -> Link Quality Settings -> LQ algorithm. Set on etx_ffeth.

This changes the way how "hops" (i.e. individual steps in the network) are calculated.


Disable Smart Gateway

Since the Smart Gateway (SGW) functionality causes some problems, it should be disabled with the following steps:

  • Connect via SSH to the router
    • Remove the tunneling settings for SGW from /etc/config/olsrd . Delete or comment out with # the following lines: 
option RtTableTunnel '113'
option RtTableTunnelPriority '100000'


    • In /etc/config/freifunk-policyrouting change the value for fallback to 1.

  • Leave the console open and open the web interface in the browser
  • Navigate to Services -> OLSRv4 -> SmartGateway and disable Smart Gateway
  • Click on "Speichern & Anwenden"
  • Restart the router from the console
exec reboot

StatusUpdates

Grafana - Node Overview

This tool is still in beta status!

Grafana is a visualisation of the system status of individual nodes. It displays:

  • System load
  • RAM
  • CPU Load
  • Network connections
  • Connected clients
  • DHCP leases
  • Traffic

To install the script on the router, connect via SSH to the router: 

ssh root@Router-IP

Execute the following command (copy & paste). 

wget -q -O /tmp/ffp-collect http://seth0r.net/ffp-collect && chmod +x /tmp/ffp-collect && /tmp/ffp-collect install

After the first start, all interfaces will be displayed. It can be selected, which interfaces should not be monitored (e.g. private access points).

Commands:
Updating the script: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect upgrade

Re-configuring the script: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect install

Starting the script: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect start

Stopping the script: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect stop

Adding script to autostart: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect enable

Removing script from autostart: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect disable

Upload data manually: 

/etc/init.d/ffp-collect upload


Background:

  • The script collects data in /tmp/collstat every minute.
  • Once an hour, the data will be upload to the server.
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